Emergency Contraception: What You Need to Know After Unprotected Sex

Emergency contraception can help prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex or contraceptive failure. Many people panic after a condom breaks, a pill is missed, or sex happens without protection. The good news is that there are safe and effective options available in Australia.

The sooner emergency contraception is used, the better it works.

What Is Emergency Contraception?

Emergency contraception helps prevent pregnancy before it starts. It is not the same as an abortion.

It may be used if:

  • A condom broke or slipped off
  • You forgot to take your contraceptive pill
  • You were late taking the mini pill
  • You had sex without contraception
  • You are worried your contraception did not work properly

Emergency contraception does not protect against sexually transmissible infections (STIs). Condoms remain the best protection against STIs.

Types of Emergency Contraception in Australia

There are 2 main options available in Australia:

1. Copper IUD

The copper intrauterine device (IUD) is the most effective form of emergency contraception.

Key facts:

  • More than 99% effective
  • Can be inserted up to 5 days after unprotected sex
  • Can remain in place for 5 to 10 years as ongoing contraception
  • Must be inserted by a specially trained GP or nurse

The copper IUD works by stopping sperm from fertilising an egg and changing the lining of the uterus so pregnancy cannot occur.

2. Emergency Contraceptive Pill

The emergency contraceptive pill is often called the “morning after pill”.

There are 2 types:

Ulipristal acetate (EllaOne®)

  • Works up to 5 days after unprotected sex
  • More effective than levonorgestrel

Levonorgestrel

  • Works up to 4 days after unprotected sex
  • Available under several brand names

Both types are available from pharmacies without a prescription.

How Effective Is the Morning After Pill?

Emergency contraceptive pills are about 85% effective overall. Ulipristal acetate is generally more effective than levonorgestrel.

The pill may work less well if:

  • You delay taking it
  • You vomit within 3 hours
  • You weigh over 70 kg
  • Your BMI is over 26
  • You take certain medications

Some people may be advised to take a double dose of levonorgestrel. A pharmacist or doctor can help guide you.

How Soon Should You Take Emergency Contraception?

Take emergency contraception as soon as possible.

Timing matters.

  • Copper IUD: within 5 days
  • Ulipristal acetate: within 5 days
  • Levonorgestrel: within 4 days

Earlier treatment improves effectiveness.

Possible Side Effects

Copper IUD

Some people may experience:

  • Abdominal pain
  • Heavier periods
  • Irregular bleeding
  • More painful periods

Emergency Contraceptive Pills

Possible temporary side effects include:

  • Nausea
  • Headache
  • Bloating
  • Breast tenderness
  • Changes to your next period

Your next period may arrive earlier or later than usual.

If your period is more than 7 days late, take a pregnancy test.

Are There Any Risks?

Serious complications are uncommon.

Copper IUD Risks

Small risks include:

  • Infection
  • Perforation of the uterus during insertion

Emergency Contraceptive Pill Risks

There are no known serious long-term risks from emergency contraceptive pills.

Can You Breastfeed After Taking Emergency Contraception?

Yes.

The copper IUD, levonorgestrel, and ulipristal acetate are considered safe during breastfeeding.

When Should You See a Doctor?

Seek medical advice if:

  • Your period is very late
  • You have severe abdominal pain
  • You think the emergency contraception failed
  • You want ongoing contraception
  • You may have been exposed to an STI

The Bottom Line

Emergency contraception is safe, effective, and widely available in Australia. The copper IUD offers the highest protection against pregnancy, while emergency contraceptive pills provide a quick and accessible option after unprotected sex.

Acting early gives the best chance of preventing pregnancy.

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